TAJIMA PULSE TRANSPARENCY FREE
Applications such as ion acceleration, X-ray free electron laser, electron and ion cancer therapy are discussed. These in turn have created a conglomerate of novel science and technology with LWFA to form a new genre of high field science with many parameters of merit in this field increasing exponentially lately. The strong interest in this has driven novel laser technologies, including the Chirped Pulse Amplification, the Thin Film Compression (TFC), the Coherent Amplification Network, and the Relativistic Compression (RC).
A large number of world-wide experiments show a rapid progress of this concept realization toward both the high energy accelerator prospect and broad applications. When we deploy laser ion acceleration or high density LWFA in which the phase velocity of plasma excitation is low, we encounter the sheath dynamics. When the phase velocity gets smaller, wakefields turn into sheaths. While the large amplitude of wakefields involves collective resonant oscillations of the eigenmode of the entire plasma electrons, the wake phase velocity ~ c and ultrafastness of the laser pulse introduce the wake stability and rigidity. The structures of wakes and sheaths in plasma are contrasted. An ultrafast intense laser pulse drives coherent wakefields of relativistic amplitude with the high phase velocity robustly supported by the plasma. The fundamental idea of Laser Wakefield Acceleration (LWFA) is reviewed.
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